Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Revenue Recognition

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Revenue Recognition
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition
3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
The principal source of revenues from franchising hotels is ongoing royalty fees, which are typically a percentage of gross room revenues of each franchised hotel. The Company recognizes royalty fee revenues as and when the underlying sales occur. The Company also receives non-refundable initial franchise fees, which are recognized as revenues over the initial non-cancellable period of the franchise agreement, commencing when all material services or conditions have been substantially performed. This occurs when a hotel opens for business in the Company’s system or when a franchise agreement is terminated after it has been determined that the hotel will not open.
The Company’s franchise agreements also require the payment of marketing and reservation fees, which are intended to reimburse the Company for expenses associated with operating an international, centralized reservation system, e-commerce channels such as the Company’s brand.com websites, as well as access to third-party distribution channels, such as online travel agents, advertising and marketing programs, global sales efforts, operations support, training and other related services. Marketing and reservation fees are recognized as revenue when the underlying sales occur. Although the Company is generally contractually obligated to spend the marketing and reservation fees it collects from franchisees, in accordance with the franchise agreements, marketing and reservations costs are expensed as incurred.
The Company earns revenues from its Wyndham Rewards loyalty program when a member stays at a participating hotel, club resort or vacation rental. These revenues are derived from a fee the Company charges a franchised or managed hotel based upon a percentage of room revenues generated from a Wyndham Rewards member’s stay. These fees are to reimburse the Company for expenses associated with member redemptions and activities that are related to the administering and marketing of the program. Revenues related to the loyalty program represent variable consideration and are recognized net of redemptions over time based upon loyalty point redemption patterns, which include an estimate of loyalty points that will expire or will never be redeemed.
As a result of the negative impact that COVID-19 had on travel demand in 2020, the Company’s assumptions related to redemptions, including estimated member redemption rate, member redemption pattern, and the estimated cost to satisfy such redemptions, changed. Accordingly, the Company recognized a $16 million cumulative adjustment, which resulted in an increase to loyalty revenues during the second quarter of 2020. Such increase was included within marketing, reservation and loyalty and other revenues on the Consolidated Statement of Income/(Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The Company earns revenue from its Wyndham Rewards co-branded credit card program, which is primarily generated by cardholder spending and the enrollment of new cardholders. The advance payments received under the program are recognized as a contract liability. The program primarily contains two performance obligations: (i) brand performance services, for which revenue is recognized over the contract term on a straight-line basis, and (ii) issuance and redemption of loyalty points, for which revenue is recognized over time based upon the redemption patterns of the loyalty points earned under the program, including an estimate of loyalty points that will expire or will never be redeemed.
The Company provides management services for hotels under management contracts, which offer hotel owners all the benefits of a global brand and a full range of management, marketing and reservation services. In addition to the standard franchise services described above, the Company’s hotel management business provides hotel owners with professional oversight and comprehensive operations support services. The Company’s standard management agreement typically has a term of 10 to 20 years. The Company’s management fees are comprised of base fees, which are typically a specified percentage of gross revenues from hotel operations, and, in some cases, incentive fees, which are typically a specified percentage of a hotel’s gross operating profit. The base fees are recognized when the underlying sales occur and the management services are performed. Incentive fees are recognized when determinable, which is when the Company has met hotel operating performance metrics and the Company has determined that a significant reversal of revenues recognized will not occur.
The Company also recognizes reimbursable payroll costs for operational employees and other reimbursable costs at certain of the Company’s managed hotels as revenue. Although these costs are funded by hotel owners, accounting guidance requires the Company to report these fees on a gross basis as both revenues and expenses. Additionally, the Company recognizes occupancy taxes on a net basis.
The Company recognizes license and other revenues from Wyndham Worldwide (“former Parent”), now known as Travel + Leisure Co., for use of the “Wyndham” trademark and certain other trademarks.
In addition, the Company earns revenues from its two owned hotels, which consist primarily of (i) gross room rentals, (ii) food and beverage services and (iii) on-site spa, casino, golf and shop revenues. These revenues are recognized upon the completion of services.
Deferred Revenues
Deferred revenues, or contract liabilities, generally represent payments or consideration received in advance for goods or services that the Company has not yet provided to the customer. Deferred revenues as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows:
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Deferred initial franchise fee revenues
 $ 145  $ 136 
Deferred loyalty program revenues
 76  75 
Deferred other revenues
 14  18 
Total
 $ 235  $ 229 

Deferred initial franchise fees represent payments received in advance from prospective franchisees upon the signing of a franchise agreement and are generally recognized to revenue within 13 years. Deferred loyalty revenues represent the portion of loyalty program fees charged to franchisees, net of redemption costs, that have been deferred and will be recognized over time based upon loyalty point redemption patterns.
Practical Expedients
The Company has not adjusted the consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if it expects, at contract inception, that the period between when the Company satisfied the performance obligation and when the customer paid for that good or service was one year or less.
For contracts with customers that were modified before the beginning of the earliest reporting period presented, the Company did not retrospectively restate the revenue associated with the contract for those modifications. Instead, it reflected the aggregate effect of all prior modifications in determining (i) the performance obligations and transaction prices and (ii) the allocation of such transaction prices to the performance obligations.
Performance Obligations
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. The consideration received from a customer is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, each performance obligation is satisfied. The following table summarizes the Company’s remaining performance obligations for the years set forth below:
2022 2023 2024
Thereafter
Total
Initial franchise fee revenues
 $ 16  $ 8  $ 7  $ 114  $ 145 
Loyalty program revenues
 47  20  7  2  76 
Other revenues
 7  1  1  5  14 
Total
 $ 70  $ 29  $ 15  $ 121  $ 235 
Disaggregation of Net Revenues
The table below presents a disaggregation of the Company’s net revenues from contracts with customers by major services and products for each of the Company’s segments:
Year Ended December 31,
2021 2020 2019
Hotel Franchising
Royalties and franchise fees
 $ 436  $ 309  $ 465 
Marketing, reservation and loyalty
 467  369  559 
License and other fees
 79  84  131 
Other
 117  101  124 
Total Hotel Franchising
 1,099  863  1,279 
Hotel Management
Royalties and franchise fees
 25  19  15 
Marketing, reservation and loyalty
 1  1  3 
Owned hotel revenues
 82  37  89 
Management fees (a)
35  27  36 
Cost reimbursements
 320  350  623 
Other
 3  3  2 
Total Hotel Management
 466  437  768 
Corporate and Other
 —  —  6 
Net revenues
 $ 1,565  $ 1,300  $ 2,053 
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(a)    2019 includes a $20 million fee credit for past services with a customer. See Note 17 - Other Expenses and Charges for more information.
Capitalized Contract Costs
The Company incurs certain direct and incremental sales commissions costs in order to obtain hotel franchise and management contracts. Such costs are capitalized and subsequently amortized beginning upon hotel opening over the first non-cancellable period of the agreement. In the event an agreement is terminated prior to the end of the first non-cancellable period, any unamortized cost is immediately expensed. In addition, the Company also capitalizes costs associated with the sale and installation of property management systems to its franchisees, which are amortized over the remaining non-cancellable period of the franchise agreement. As of both December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, capitalized contract costs were $33 million, of which $5 million and $7 million, respectively, were included in other current assets, and $28 million and $26 million, respectively, were included in other non-current assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.