Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Income Taxes

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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
9. INCOME TAXES
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, as well as in foreign jurisdictions. With certain exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to federal income tax examinations for years prior to 2019. The Company is no longer subject to state and local, or foreign, income tax examinations for years prior to 2016.
The Company made cash income tax payments, net of refunds, of $67 million and $75 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Company’s effective tax rates were 24.3% and 27.3% during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. During 2023, the effective tax rate was lower primarily due to a state legislative change that resulted in the release of a valuation allowance and a tax benefit resulting from the release of a foreign unrecognized tax benefit.
The Company’s effective tax rates were 25.7% and 25.8% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.